First, these adhesives are not designed to be used in a thick application. Most trowel notching is going to be at most 1/8" thick. I would say that is going to give you little-to-no amount of sound deadening and in general, they are going to be problematic more than helpful. Keep in mind that epoxies generate a large amount of heat when mixed and this could be a potential fire hazard if you pour a bunch of it in the bottom of a boat. They will literally start smoking if you leave them in the container when mixing them. Most flooring guys will pour them out on a sheet of cardboard or plastic to keep them from getting too hot because of this.
If you're going to use them to adhere something in the boat, then...
So, from the picture you've got 1 urethane adhesive and 1 epoxy adhesive. While many times they are used for similar purposes there are some subtle differences that really make a difference in your application. They both should adhere to a clean metal substrate just fine.
The biggest difference is that a two-part urethane is typically much more resistant to temperature change than an epoxy. Urethanes stay more flexible at lower temperatures than epoxies unless they are specifically formulated for low temps. Epoxies can become brittle and sheer off if they get flexed or stressed.
With two-part urethanes you MUST mix the entire unit for the adhesive to work properly. With an epoxy, they can typically be "ratio'ed" out. In other words, you can mix less than the unit as long as you maintain the proper ratio of part A to part B.
While they aren't using it to attach anything to a boats hull, I have a boat manufacturer that uses one of our two-part urethane products in their boats because of the broader temperature range. Been using it for years and so far, I've had zero complaints.
Last, I'm not sure how old those are but most two-part adhesives only have about a 1 year shelf life when stored correctly. If those have been exposed to potential hot and cold cycling for a period of time, I would not trust them to work as expected. Since this could be a very expensive failure if things go south, if it were me, I'd purchase fresh adhesive.
I wish you the best with your project and hope this info helps!